CiDi 2025 report brings insights into mining truck autonomy growth & challenges
CiDi Inc is one of the emerging majors in autonomous haulage systems for mining – both in China and overseas – along with EACON Mining, Shanghai BOONRAY, TAGE Idriver, WAYTOUS and others. Listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the company recently published its full year 2025 report.
Its revenue increased from RMB410.0 million in 2024 to RMB884.8 million in 2025, representing a year-on-year increase of 115.8%, while gross profit increased from RMB101.4 million in 2024 to RMB189.4 million in 2025, representing a year-on-year increase of 86.7%. But it saw a significant net loss for the year and its adjusted net loss in 2025 also increased year-on-year. CiDi said this was mainly due to an increase in share-based payments incurred in relation to its Share Incentive Scheme; an increase in selling expenses resulting from rapid business expansion, and an increase in credit impairment losses.
This is not unusual among the large Chinese AHS players – all of them are ploughing vast resources into R&D and their general business infrastructure to keep up with the unprecedented rate of demand increase – which at the minute remains primarily in China itself but with significant expected growth internationally as well – both at mining projects owned and/or financially backed by large Chinese mining groups and financial institutions but also other mining operations that are looking for non full stack, OEM agnostic AHS options as well as autonomy combined with battery electric and hybrid trucks.
In this respect, China is way ahead in terms of operational experience, plus all the AHS players are working very closely with the mining truck OEMs including Tonly, LGMG, Yutong and others. The norm today is for autonomous trucks to be delivered ready to go, with the sensors and systems fitted at the OEM factories rather than being retrofitted at the customer site. In addition, the Chinese AHS players – and their OEM partners – are by far the most experienced in supplying and operating battery swapping solutions either working in conjunction with fixed charging stations or in isolation. In some cases the autonomy tech companies are today delivering trucks under their own branding as part of joint projects with the OEMs, and in some cases co-developing new truck models and variants with them.
The report indicates the rate of growth being seen in China. CiDi states: “In 2025, the Group delivered 630 units/sets of autonomous mining truck solutions, representing a year-on-year increase of 317.22% compared with 2024. This breakthrough growth not only reflects high market recognition of our technological capabilities and product maturity, but also marks further progress in our commercialisation efforts, which have entered a new phase of scalable replication and accelerated expansion. As of 28 February 2026, the autonomous mining trucks that have been delivered and are currently being delivered by us have exceeded 1,500 units, with cumulative autonomous driving mileage exceeding 16 million kilometres, and the total volume of coal, ore, and other mining materials transported exceeding 140 million tonnes.”
CiDi says its autonomous mining truck products have been deployed at a number of China’s top-ten open-pit coal mines, forming a portfolio of benchmark projects with strong industry demonstration effects. “These mining areas are generally characterised by complex operating conditions, including high altitudes, harsh climates and intensive operating requirements. The long-term stable operation of the company’s products fully demonstrates our system’s reliability, environmental adaptability, and continuous operational capability in extreme environments. In addition, we have developed an industry-leading mixed-fleet operation system, enabling the collaborative operation of autonomous mining trucks and existing manned vehicles in mixed traffic, accommodating our customers’ complex and variable mining processes and production schedules, ensuring sustained efficient production while upholding operational safety.”
It adds that 14 all electric autonomous mining trucks supplied to Taiwan Cement Jurong Plant have maintained stable operation for over three years. “In the frontier field of driverless mining, we have established a significant first-mover advantage and a solid foundation for large-scale deployment. In 2025, our independently developed pure electric autonomous mining trucks were officially delivered to Taiwan Cement Yingde Plant. We successfully deployed 12 autonomous mining trucks at a mine operated by Taiwan Cement, which marked the first commercial deployment of our autonomous mining truck outside mainland China.”
It added: “Meanwhile, we have achieved scaled deployment at sites for several key projects: at Tianchi Energy’s Jiangjun Gobi No. 1 and No. 2 open-pit coal mines and the Baiyinhua open-pit coal mine in Xilingol, Inner Mongolia, where we delivered more than 70 autonomous mining trucks to each site. In addition, we have deployed over 100 autonomous mining trucks at China Coal Huali Hexiang Jilangde open-pit coal mine project, Guanghui Malang open-pit coal mine project and the Baorixile open-pit coal mine project in Hailar, where regular unmanned operations have been achieved.”
CiDi continues: “We continue to expand our industrial ecosystem layout, and have achieved significant breakthroughs in our strategic customer relationships. We entered into a formal cooperation agreement with a core subsidiary of China National Building Materials Group, establishing a deep strategic partnership. Moving forward, we will jointly promote the scaled deployment of driverless technologies across global mining projects under cooperation. Meanwhile, our partnerships with leading domestic mining companies, such as Guangna Group, Explosives Co, Taiwan Cement and Hongmao Group have continued to deepen.”
As at 31 December 2025, the company had filed a total of 592 patent applications and obtained 369 granted patents, it says further solidifying its “technological
moat.” It added that the operational stability of its autonomous mining trucks continued to improve, reaching a performance level whereby a single operator can oversee 100 autonomous mining trucks with a total intervention time of no more than five minutes during 24-hour continuous operation.
CiDi continues: “In response to the demand for scaled deployment in mining environments, we initiated the development of a comprehensive world model for mining. Through multi-agent simulation and data-driven pre-training mechanisms, we continued to enhance scenario adaptability and deployment efficiency, thereby effectively reducing marginal deployment costs. At the same time, we have developed targeted new solutions to address extreme weather conditions, such as heavy rain, dust storms and dense fog, as well as special operating conditions including communication blind spots with no or weak network coverage. These efforts ensured the stable operation and safe performance of our autonomous mining trucks in harsh environments, further consolidating the leading position of our products and technologies in the industry.”
Moving to AI, leveraging the autonomous decision-making and dynamic optimisation capabilities of generative AI, the company says it also plans to develop the world’s first intelligent scheduling agent for open-pit mines. “This agent intends to deeply integrate data from all operational scenarios, including driverless mining truck fleets, excavator loading, road condition perception, and energy consumption, overcoming the limitations of traditional scheduling systems that rely solely on predefined rules, and enabling an upgrade from ‘passive scheduling’ to ‘proactive intelligent decision-making.’ This agent aims to perceive in real time the entire mine’s operational status, and enhance key aspects of autonomous mining truck operations through global and dynamic optimisation, including
path planning, loader-truck coordination, charging and battery swapping schedules, and collision avoidance strategies.”
Finally, at a time when smart mining is increasingly focused on enhancing safety and efficiency, CiDi argues that it is at the forefront of this transformation, collaborating with leading domestic OEMs to advance the customised development of the next generation of autonomous mining trucks. “We will fully leverage the strengths of our proprietary drive-by-wire control and power control algorithms, focusing on the deep integration of all-electric drive systems and intelligent technologies, and are committed to developing all-electric, intelligent, autonomous mining trucks capable of operating effectively under complex mining conditions.”
One focus area it says is advancing the design and implementation of customised vehicles without driver cabs. “By eliminating the traditional cab structure,
we aim to enhance vehicle payload capacity and range, while further strengthening the operational reliability and efficiency of vehicles in driverless conditions. By integrating the company’s expertise in digital technologies with OEM industrial experience, we are building a competitive portfolio of autonomous mining trucks products and will continue to improve profitability per vehicle through iterative optimisation of product definition and core algorithms.
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