India’s Clean Energy Surge: A Transformative Shift from Coal to Renewables

India, historically one of the world’s largest consumers of coal, is now making significant strides in adopting clean energy sources. This transition marks a pivotal shift in the nation’s energy landscape, with substantial implications for global climate change efforts.

Declining Reliance on Coal

Over the past decade, coal’s dominance in India’s energy mix has diminished. Previously accounting for 60% of the country’s installed power capacity, coal now contributes less than 50%, according to India’s power ministry. This reduction underscores a deliberate move towards cleaner energy alternatives.

Record-Breaking Renewable Energy Expansion

In the fiscal year ending April 2025, India achieved its largest-ever addition of clean power, installing 30 gigawatts of renewable energy capacity. This expansion is sufficient to power approximately 18 million Indian homes, highlighting the country’s commitment to sustainable energy solutions.

Economic Viability of Solar Energy

The cost-effectiveness of solar power has been a significant driver of this transition. Currently, solar energy in India is about half as expensive as new coal power, making it an increasingly attractive option for energy generation

Ambitious Renewable Energy Goals

India has set an ambitious target of achieving 500 gigawatts of renewable energy capacity by 2030. With nearly 170 gigawatts of renewable energy projects already in the pipeline, the country is on a promising path toward this goal.

Government Incentives and Private Investments

The Indian government’s supportive policies have played a crucial role in this energy shift. Legislation facilitating cheaper electricity for clean power buyers and substantial investments—totaling $81 billion over the past decade—have propelled momentum in the renewable sector.

Challenges and Future Outlook

Despite these advancements, renewable energy supplied only 24% of India’s electricity in 2024. Challenges such as integration into the existing grid and infrastructure development remain. As India’s energy demand is projected to triple by 2050, expanding infrastructure and storage capabilities will be essential to sustain this growth.

Experts emphasize that embracing renewables is vital for India to meet its escalating energy needs and to play a pivotal role in global climate change mitigation efforts.